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			Plaintext
		
	
	
	
	
	
| 
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|                 GNU Free Documentation License
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|                  Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
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| 
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| 
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|  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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|      <http://fsf.org/>
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|  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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|  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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| 
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| 0. PREAMBLE
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| 
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| The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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| functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
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| assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
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| with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
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| Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
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| to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
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| for modifications made by others.
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| 
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| This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
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| works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
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| complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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| license designed for free software.
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| 
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| We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
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| software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
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| program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
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| software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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| it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
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| whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
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| principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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| 
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| 
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| 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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| 
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| This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
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| contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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| distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
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| world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
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| work under the conditions stated herein.  The "Document", below,
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| refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
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| licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept the license if you
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| copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
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| under copyright law.
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| 
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| A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
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| Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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| modifications and/or translated into another language.
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| 
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| A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
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| the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
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| publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
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| subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
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| directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
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| part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
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| any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
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| connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
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| commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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| them.
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| 
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| The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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| are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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| that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
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| section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
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| allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
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| Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
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| Sections then there are none.
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| 
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| The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
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| as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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| the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
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| be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
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| 
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| A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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| represented in a format whose specification is available to the
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| general public, that is suitable for revising the document
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| straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
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| pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
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| drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
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| for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
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| to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
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| format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
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| or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
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| An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
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| of text.  A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
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| 
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| Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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| ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
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| or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
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| HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
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| transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
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| include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
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| proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
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| processing tools are not generally available, and the
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| machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
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| processors for output purposes only.
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| 
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| The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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| plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
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| this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
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| formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
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| the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
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| preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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| 
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| The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of
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| the Document to the public.
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| 
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| A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
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| title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
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| text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
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| specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
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| "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)  To "Preserve the Title"
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| of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
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| section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
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| 
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| The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
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| states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
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| Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
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| License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
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| implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
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| no effect on the meaning of this License.
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| 
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| 2. VERBATIM COPYING
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| 
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| You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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| commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
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| copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
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| to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
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| other conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
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| technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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| copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
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| compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
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| number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
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| 
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| You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
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| you may publicly display copies.
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| 
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| 
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| 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
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| 
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| If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
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| printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
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| Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
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| copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
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| Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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| the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
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| you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
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| the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
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| visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
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| Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
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| the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
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| as verbatim copying in other respects.
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| 
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| If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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| legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
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| reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
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| pages.
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| 
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| If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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| more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
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| copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
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| a computer-network location from which the general network-using
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| public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
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| a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
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| If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
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| when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
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| that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
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| location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
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| Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
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| edition to the public.
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| 
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| It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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| Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
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| give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
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| Document.
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| 
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| 
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| 4. MODIFICATIONS
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| 
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| You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
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| the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
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| the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
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| Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
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| and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
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| of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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| 
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| A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
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|    from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
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|    (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
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|    of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
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|    if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
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| B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
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|    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
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|    Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
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|    Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
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|    unless they release you from this requirement.
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| C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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|    Modified Version, as the publisher.
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| D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
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| E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
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|    adjacent to the other copyright notices.
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| F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
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|    giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
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|    terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
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| G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
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|    and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
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| H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
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| I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
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|    to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
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|    publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
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|    there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
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|    stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
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|    given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
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|    Version as stated in the previous sentence.
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| J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
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|    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
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|    the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
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|    it was based on.  These may be placed in the "History" section.
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|    You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
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|    least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
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|    publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
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| K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
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|    Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
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|    the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
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|    and/or dedications given therein.
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| L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
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|    unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
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|    or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
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| M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
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|    may not be included in the Modified Version.
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| N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
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|    or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
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| O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
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| 
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| If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
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| appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
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| copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
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| of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
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| list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
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| These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
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| 
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| You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
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| nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
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| parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
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| been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
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| standard.
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| 
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| You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
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| passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
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| of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
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| Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
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| through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
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| includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
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| by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
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| you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
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| permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
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| 
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| The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
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| give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
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| imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
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| 
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| 
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| 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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| 
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| You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
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| License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
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| versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
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| Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
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| list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
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| license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
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| 
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| The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
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| multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
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| copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
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| different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
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| adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
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| author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
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| Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
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| Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
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| 
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| In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
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| in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
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| "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
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| and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You must delete all sections
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| Entitled "Endorsements".
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| 
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| 
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| 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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| 
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| You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
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| documents released under this License, and replace the individual
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| copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
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| that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
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| of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
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| other respects.
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| 
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| You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
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| distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
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| copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
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| License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
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| document.
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| 
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| 
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| 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
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| 
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| A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
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| and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
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| distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
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| resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
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| of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
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| When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
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| apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
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| derivative works of the Document.
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| 
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| If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
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| copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
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| the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
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| covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
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| electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
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| Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
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| aggregate.
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| 
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| 
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| 8. TRANSLATION
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| 
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| Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
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| distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
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| Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
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| permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
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| translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
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| original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
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| translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
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| Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
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| the original English version of this License and the original versions
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| of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
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| the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
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| or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
 | |
| 
 | |
| If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
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| "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
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| its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
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| title.
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| 
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| 
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| 9. TERMINATION
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| 
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| You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
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| except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
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| otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
 | |
| will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
 | |
| 
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| However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
 | |
| from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
 | |
| unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
 | |
| terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
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| fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
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| 60 days after the cessation.
 | |
| 
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| Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
 | |
| reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
 | |
| violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
 | |
| received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
 | |
| copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
 | |
| your receipt of the notice.
 | |
| 
 | |
| Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
 | |
| licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
 | |
| this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
 | |
| reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
 | |
| not give you any rights to use it.
 | |
| 
 | |
| 
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| 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
 | |
| 
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| The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
 | |
| GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new versions
 | |
| will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
 | |
| detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
 | |
| http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
 | |
| 
 | |
| Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
 | |
| If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
 | |
| License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
 | |
| following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
 | |
| of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
 | |
| Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
 | |
| number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
 | |
| as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
 | |
| specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
 | |
| License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
 | |
| version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
 | |
| Document.
 | |
| 
 | |
| 11. RELICENSING
 | |
| 
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| "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
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| World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
 | |
| provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
 | |
| public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
 | |
| "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site
 | |
| means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
 | |
| 
 | |
| "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 
 | |
| license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit 
 | |
| corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, 
 | |
| California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license 
 | |
| published by that same organization.
 | |
| 
 | |
| "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in 
 | |
| part, as part of another Document.
 | |
| 
 | |
| An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this 
 | |
| License, and if all works that were first published under this License 
 | |
| somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or 
 | |
| in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and 
 | |
| (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
 | |
| 
 | |
| The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
 | |
| under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
 | |
| provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
 | |
| 
 | |
| 
 | |
| ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
 | |
| 
 | |
| To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
 | |
| the License in the document and put the following copyright and
 | |
| license notices just after the title page:
 | |
| 
 | |
|     Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
 | |
|     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 | |
|     under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
 | |
|     or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
 | |
|     with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
 | |
|     A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
 | |
|     Free Documentation License".
 | |
| 
 | |
| If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
 | |
| replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
 | |
| 
 | |
|     with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
 | |
|     Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
 | |
| 
 | |
| If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
 | |
| combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
 | |
| situation.
 | |
| 
 | |
| If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
 | |
| recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
 | |
| free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
 | |
| to permit their use in free software.
 |