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# Deployment Guide
Complete guide to deploying your Hugo Saasify Theme site to production. Learn how to deploy to popular platforms and optimize for performance.
## Table of Contents
- [Building for Production](#building-for-production)
- [Platform Deployment Guides](#platform-deployment-guides)
- [Netlify](#netlify)
- [Vercel](#vercel)
- [GitHub Pages](#github-pages)
- [Cloudflare Pages](#cloudflare-pages)
- [AWS S3 + CloudFront](#aws-s3--cloudfront)
- [Custom Server Deployment](#custom-server-deployment)
- [Environment Variables](#environment-variables)
- [Performance Optimization](#performance-optimization)
- [CI/CD Setup](#cicd-setup)
- [Post-Deployment](#post-deployment)
## Building for Production
Before deploying, build your site for production.
### Build Command
```bash
# Basic build
hugo
# Build with minification
hugo --minify
# Build with specific environment
hugo --environment production
```
### Build Output
The build creates a `public/` directory containing:
```
public/
├── index.html
├── css/
│ └── main.min.[hash].css
├── js/
│ └── main.min.[hash].js
├── images/
├── blog/
├── docs/
└── ...
```
### Pre-Deployment Checklist
- [ ] Update `baseURL` in `hugo.toml` to production URL
- [ ] Remove draft posts (`draft: false` or remove drafts)
- [ ] Test build locally: `hugo && hugo server -s public`
- [ ] Verify all links work
- [ ] Check image paths and assets
- [ ] Test responsive design
- [ ] Validate HTML/CSS
- [ ] Check analytics integration
- [ ] Review SEO meta tags
- [ ] Test performance with Lighthouse
### Environment Configuration
**Development**:
```toml
# hugo.toml
baseURL = "http://localhost:1313/"
```
**Production** (update before deploying):
```toml
# hugo.toml
baseURL = "https://yourdomain.com/"
```
## Platform Deployment Guides
### Netlify
Netlify offers automatic deployments from Git with continuous deployment.
#### Quick Deploy
1. **Push to Git**:
```bash
git add .
git commit -m "Ready for deployment"
git push origin main
```
2. **Connect to Netlify**:
- Visit [netlify.com](https://netlify.com)
- Click "Add new site" → "Import an existing project"
- Choose Git provider (GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket)
- Select your repository
3. **Configure Build Settings**:
- **Build command**: `hugo --minify`
- **Publish directory**: `public`
- **Production branch**: `main`
4. **Environment Variables** (click "Show advanced"):
```
HUGO_VERSION = 0.120.0
HUGO_ENV = production
```
5. **Deploy**: Click "Deploy site"
#### Netlify Configuration File
Create `netlify.toml` in project root:
```toml
[build]
publish = "public"
command = "hugo --minify"
[build.environment]
HUGO_VERSION = "0.120.0"
HUGO_ENV = "production"
HUGO_ENABLEGITINFO = "true"
[context.production.environment]
HUGO_ENV = "production"
[context.deploy-preview]
command = "hugo --minify --buildFuture -b $DEPLOY_PRIME_URL"
[context.branch-deploy]
command = "hugo --minify -b $DEPLOY_PRIME_URL"
[[redirects]]
from = "/old-page"
to = "/new-page"
status = 301
[[headers]]
for = "/*"
[headers.values]
X-Frame-Options = "DENY"
X-XSS-Protection = "1; mode=block"
X-Content-Type-Options = "nosniff"
```
#### Custom Domain
1. Go to **Site settings** → **Domain management**
2. Click "Add custom domain"
3. Enter your domain: `yourdomain.com`
4. Configure DNS:
- **A Record**: Point to Netlify's load balancer IP
- **CNAME**: Point `www` to `[your-site].netlify.app`
5. Enable HTTPS (automatic with Let's Encrypt)
### Vercel
Vercel provides zero-configuration deployments with global CDN.
#### Deploy to Vercel
1. **Install Vercel CLI** (optional):
```bash
npm install -g vercel
```
2. **Deploy via CLI**:
```bash
vercel
```
Or deploy via web interface:
3. **Connect Repository**:
- Visit [vercel.com](https://vercel.com)
- Click "Add New" → "Project"
- Import your Git repository
4. **Configure Project**:
- **Framework Preset**: Hugo
- **Build Command**: `hugo --minify`
- **Output Directory**: `public`
- **Install Command**: Leave empty
5. **Environment Variables**:
```
HUGO_VERSION=0.120.0
```
6. **Deploy**: Click "Deploy"
#### Vercel Configuration
Create `vercel.json`:
```json
{
"build": {
"env": {
"HUGO_VERSION": "0.120.0"
}
},
"redirects": [
{
"source": "/old-page",
"destination": "/new-page",
"permanent": true
}
],
"headers": [
{
"source": "/(.*)",
"headers": [
{
"key": "X-Frame-Options",
"value": "DENY"
},
{
"key": "X-Content-Type-Options",
"value": "nosniff"
}
]
}
]
}
```
### GitHub Pages
Free hosting directly from your GitHub repository.
#### Setup GitHub Pages
1. **Create Repository**:
- Name: `username.github.io` (user site)
- Or: `repository-name` (project site)
2. **Update Base URL**:
```toml
# hugo.toml
baseURL = "https://username.github.io/"
# or for project site:
baseURL = "https://username.github.io/repository-name/"
```
3. **Create GitHub Action**:
`.github/workflows/hugo.yml`:
```yaml
name: Deploy Hugo site to Pages
on:
push:
branches: ["main"]
workflow_dispatch:
permissions:
contents: read
pages: write
id-token: write
concurrency:
group: "pages"
cancel-in-progress: false
defaults:
run:
shell: bash
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
HUGO_VERSION: 0.120.0
steps:
- name: Install Hugo CLI
run: |
wget -O ${{ runner.temp }}/hugo.deb https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/releases/download/v${HUGO_VERSION}/hugo_extended_${HUGO_VERSION}_linux-amd64.deb \
&& sudo dpkg -i ${{ runner.temp }}/hugo.deb
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
submodules: recursive
- name: Setup Pages
id: pages
uses: actions/configure-pages@v4
- name: Install Node.js dependencies
run: |
cp themes/chill-theme/package.json .
cp themes/chill-theme/postcss.config.js .
cp themes/chill-theme/tailwind.config.copy.js ./tailwind.config.js
npm install
- name: Build with Hugo
env:
HUGO_ENVIRONMENT: production
HUGO_ENV: production
run: |
hugo \
--minify \
--baseURL "${{ steps.pages.outputs.base_url }}/"
- name: Upload artifact
uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v2
with:
path: ./public
deploy:
environment:
name: github-pages
url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
needs: build
steps:
- name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
id: deployment
uses: actions/deploy-pages@v3
```
4. **Enable GitHub Pages**:
- Go to repository **Settings** → **Pages**
- **Source**: GitHub Actions
- Save
5. **Push and Deploy**:
```bash
git add .
git commit -m "Deploy to GitHub Pages"
git push origin main
```
### Cloudflare Pages
Fast, global CDN with automatic deployments.
#### Deploy to Cloudflare Pages
1. **Connect Repository**:
- Visit [pages.cloudflare.com](https://pages.cloudflare.com)
- Click "Create a project"
- Connect your Git account
- Select repository
2. **Configure Build**:
- **Framework preset**: Hugo
- **Build command**: `hugo --minify`
- **Build output directory**: `public`
- **Root directory**: Leave blank
3. **Environment Variables**:
```
HUGO_VERSION=0.120.0
```
4. **Deploy**: Click "Save and Deploy"
#### Custom Domain
1. Go to project → **Custom domains**
2. Add your domain
3. Configure DNS (Cloudflare handles this automatically)
4. SSL/TLS is automatic
### AWS S3 + CloudFront
Enterprise-grade hosting with AWS infrastructure.
#### S3 Setup
1. **Create S3 Bucket**:
```bash
aws s3 mb s3://your-bucket-name --region us-east-1
```
2. **Enable Static Website Hosting**:
```bash
aws s3 website s3://your-bucket-name \
--index-document index.html \
--error-document 404.html
```
3. **Set Bucket Policy**:
Create `bucket-policy.json`:
```json
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Sid": "PublicReadGetObject",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": "*",
"Action": "s3:GetObject",
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::your-bucket-name/*"
}
]
}
```
Apply:
```bash
aws s3api put-bucket-policy \
--bucket your-bucket-name \
--policy file://bucket-policy.json
```
4. **Deploy Site**:
```bash
hugo --minify
aws s3 sync public/ s3://your-bucket-name --delete
```
#### CloudFront Setup
1. **Create Distribution**:
- Origin: Your S3 bucket
- Viewer protocol: Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
- Price class: Choose based on needs
- Alternate domain names: your-domain.com
- SSL certificate: Request from ACM
2. **Configure DNS**:
- Add CNAME record pointing to CloudFront distribution
3. **Invalidate Cache After Deployment**:
```bash
aws cloudfront create-invalidation \
--distribution-id YOUR_DISTRIBUTION_ID \
--paths "/*"
```
#### Deployment Script
Create `deploy.sh`:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
# Build site
echo "Building site..."
hugo --minify
# Sync to S3
echo "Uploading to S3..."
aws s3 sync public/ s3://your-bucket-name \
--delete \
--cache-control "max-age=3600"
# Invalidate CloudFront cache
echo "Invalidating CloudFront cache..."
aws cloudfront create-invalidation \
--distribution-id YOUR_DISTRIBUTION_ID \
--paths "/*"
echo "Deployment complete!"
```
Make executable:
```bash
chmod +x deploy.sh
./deploy.sh
```
## Custom Server Deployment
### Nginx
1. **Build Site**:
```bash
hugo --minify
```
2. **Upload to Server**:
```bash
rsync -avz --delete public/ user@server:/var/www/html/
```
3. **Nginx Configuration**:
`/etc/nginx/sites-available/yoursite`:
```nginx
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name yourdomain.com www.yourdomain.com;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name yourdomain.com www.yourdomain.com;
ssl_certificate /path/to/cert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /path/to/key.pem;
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
# Cache static assets
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js|svg|woff|woff2)$ {
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
}
# Security headers
add_header X-Frame-Options "DENY" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
# Gzip compression
gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
}
```
4. **Enable Site**:
```bash
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/yoursite /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginx
```
### Apache
**Apache Configuration**:
`/etc/apache2/sites-available/yoursite.conf`:
```apache
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName yourdomain.com
ServerAlias www.yourdomain.com
Redirect permanent / https://yourdomain.com/
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerName yourdomain.com
ServerAlias www.yourdomain.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /path/to/cert.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/key.pem
<Directory /var/www/html>
Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
# Cache static files
<FilesMatch "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js|svg|woff|woff2)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public, immutable"
</FilesMatch>
# Compression
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/css application/javascript
</IfModule>
</VirtualHost>
```
## Environment Variables
### Common Variables
```bash
# Hugo version
HUGO_VERSION=0.120.0
# Environment
HUGO_ENV=production
# Enable Git info
HUGO_ENABLEGITINFO=true
# Google Analytics
HUGO_GOOGLE_ANALYTICS=G-XXXXXXXXXX
# Google Tag Manager
HUGO_GOOGLE_TAG_MANAGER=GTM-XXXXXXX
```
### Platform-Specific
**Netlify** - Set in UI or `netlify.toml`
**Vercel** - Set in UI or `vercel.json`
**GitHub Actions** - Use secrets
**AWS** - Use Parameter Store or Secrets Manager
## Performance Optimization
### Build Optimization
1. **Minify Output**:
```bash
hugo --minify
```
2. **Enable Caching**:
```toml
[caches]
[caches.images]
dir = ":resourceDir/_gen"
maxAge = "1440h"
```
3. **Optimize Images**:
- Compress before uploading
- Use WebP format
- Implement lazy loading
### CDN Configuration
**Cache Headers**:
```nginx
# Static assets - 1 year
location ~* \.(jpg|png|css|js|woff2)$ {
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
}
# HTML - short cache
location ~* \.html$ {
expires 1h;
add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate";
}
```
### Compression
Enable gzip/brotli compression on server or CDN.
**Nginx**:
```nginx
gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript;
gzip_min_length 1000;
```
### Performance Checklist
- [ ] Enable minification
- [ ] Optimize images (compress, WebP)
- [ ] Use CDN for static assets
- [ ] Enable HTTP/2
- [ ] Configure caching headers
- [ ] Enable gzip/brotli compression
- [ ] Lazy load images
- [ ] Minimize CSS/JS
- [ ] Use resource hints (preload, prefetch)
- [ ] Test with Lighthouse/PageSpeed
## CI/CD Setup
### GitHub Actions
Already covered in [GitHub Pages](#github-pages) section.
### GitLab CI/CD
`.gitlab-ci.yml`:
```yaml
image: registry.gitlab.com/pages/hugo/hugo_extended:latest
variables:
GIT_SUBMODULE_STRATEGY: recursive
pages:
script:
- cp themes/chill-theme/package.json .
- cp themes/chill-theme/postcss.config.js .
- cp themes/chill-theme/tailwind.config.copy.js ./tailwind.config.js
- npm install
- hugo --minify
artifacts:
paths:
- public
only:
- main
```
### CircleCI
`.circleci/config.yml`:
```yaml
version: 2.1
jobs:
build:
docker:
- image: cibuilds/hugo:latest
steps:
- checkout
- run:
name: Install theme dependencies
command: |
cp themes/chill-theme/package.json .
cp themes/chill-theme/postcss.config.js .
cp themes/chill-theme/tailwind.config.copy.js ./tailwind.config.js
npm install
- run:
name: Build site
command: hugo --minify
- run:
name: Deploy
command: |
# Your deployment command
```
## Post-Deployment
### Verification
1. **Check Site Loads**: Visit your domain
2. **Test Navigation**: Click through all pages
3. **Verify Assets**: Images, CSS, JS loading
4. **Check Forms**: Test contact/signup forms
5. **Test Mobile**: Responsive design working
6. **Check Analytics**: Tracking installed correctly
7. **SSL Certificate**: HTTPS working
8. **Performance**: Run Lighthouse audit
### Monitoring
- **Uptime Monitoring**: UptimeRobot, Pingdom
- **Analytics**: Google Analytics, Plausible
- **Error Tracking**: Sentry, Rollbar
- **Performance**: Lighthouse CI, SpeedCurve
### Maintenance
1. **Regular Updates**: Keep Hugo and dependencies updated
2. **Content Review**: Update outdated content
3. **Backup**: Regular backups of content and config
4. **Security**: Monitor for vulnerabilities
5. **Performance**: Regular performance audits
## Troubleshooting Deployment
### Build Fails
**Problem**: Build fails with errors
**Solutions**:
- Check Hugo version matches local
- Verify all dependencies installed
- Check for syntax errors in config
- Review build logs for specific errors
### Assets Not Loading
**Problem**: CSS/JS/Images not loading
**Solutions**:
- Verify `baseURL` is correct
- Check asset paths are absolute (`/images/...`)
- Clear browser cache
- Check CDN/server configuration
### 404 Errors
**Problem**: Pages return 404
**Solutions**:
- Verify content files exist
- Check front matter is correct
- Ensure `draft: false`
- Check URL structure
### Slow Build Times
**Problem**: Builds taking too long
**Solutions**:
- Enable caching
- Optimize images before build
- Remove unused content
- Check for infinite loops in templates
## Related Documentation
- [INSTALLATION.md](INSTALLATION.md) - Installation guide
- [CONFIGURATION.md](CONFIGURATION.md) - Configuration options
- [TROUBLESHOOTING.md](TROUBLESHOOTING.md) - Common issues
- [Performance Optimization](https://gohugo.io/troubleshooting/build-performance/)
## Additional Resources
- [Netlify Docs](https://docs.netlify.com/)
- [Vercel Docs](https://vercel.com/docs)
- [GitHub Pages Docs](https://docs.github.com/en/pages)
- [Cloudflare Pages Docs](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages)
- [AWS S3 Static Hosting](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/WebsiteHosting.html)